Ukusakazwa kwe-TV kubhebhezela intshisekelo kuma-artifact amaningi

Izibalo ezikhuphukayo zezivakashi zilibangise eSanxingdui Museum eGuanghan, esifundazweni saseSichuan, naphezu kobhubhane lwe-COVID-19.

U-Luo Shan, umamukeli osemusha endaweni, uvame ukubuzwa abantu abafika ekuseni kakhulu ukuthi kungani bengamtholi unogada ozobabonisa indawo.

Umnyuziyamu usebenzisa abaqondisi abathile, kodwa abakwazanga ukubhekana nokutheleka kwezivakashi kungazelelwe, kusho uLuo.

NgoMgqibelo, abantu abangaphezu kuka-9,000 bavakashele umnyuziyamu, inani eliphindwe kane kunelo ngempelasonto evamile.Ukuthengiswa kwamathikithi kufinyelele ku-510,000 yuan ($77,830), okuyisamba sesibili esiphezulu sansuku zonke selokhu lavulwa ngo-1997.

Ukwanda kwezivakashi kudalwe ukusakazwa bukhoma kwezinsalela ezimbiwe emigodini eyisithupha esanda kutholwa endaweni yaseSanxingdui Ruins.Lokhu kusakazwa kwasakazwa ku-China Central Television izinsuku ezintathu kusukela ngoMashi 20.

Kule ndawo, kutholwe izinto zobuciko ezingaphezu kuka-500, okuhlanganisa izifihla-buso zegolide, izinto zethusi, amazinyo endlovu, i-jade nezindwangu, eziye zatholwa emigodini, eseneminyaka eyi-3,200 kuya kwezi-4,000 ikhona.

Lokhu kusakazwa kugqugquzele intshisekelo yezivakashi ezintweni zobuciko eziningi ezitholwe ekuqaleni kwesayithi, ezibukiswa emnyuziyamu.

Isendaweni engamakhilomitha angama-40 enyakatho yeChengdu, inhloko-dolobha yaseSichuan, lesi siza sihlanganisa amakhilomitha-skwele ayi-12 futhi siqukethe amanxiwa edolobha lasendulo, imigodi yemihlatshelo, izindawo zokuhlala kanye namathuna.

Izazi zikholelwa ukuthi le ndawo yasungulwa phakathi kweminyaka eyi-2,800 ne-4,800 edlule, futhi okutholwe ngemivubukulo kukhombisa ukuthi kwakuyisizinda samasiko esithuthuke kakhulu futhi esiphumelelayo ezikhathini zasendulo.

U-Chen Xiaodan, isazi semivubukulo esiphambili e-Chengdu owabamba iqhaza ekumbiweni kwalesi siza ngeminyaka yawo-1980, uthe sitholwe ngengozi, wengeza ngokuthi “kwakubonakala sengathi sivela ndawo”.

Ngo-1929, uYan Daocheng, isakhamuzi saseGuanghan, wavubukula umgodi ogcwele izinto ezenziwe nge-jade namatshe ngesikhathi elungisa umsele wendle owawuseceleni kwendlu yakhe.

Izinto zobuciko zaziwa ngokushesha phakathi kwabathengisi basendulo njenge- "The Jadeware of Guanghan".Ukuduma kwe-jade, nakho, kudonse ukunaka kwabavubukuli, kusho uChen.

Ngo-1933, ithimba lemivubukulo elaliholwa uDavid Crockett Graham, owayevela e-United States futhi owayengumqaphi womnyuziyamu waseWest China Union University e-Chengdu, labhekisa amabombo kule ndawo ukuyoqhuba umsebenzi wokuqala osemthethweni wokumba.

Kusukela ngawo-1930 kuqhubeke, abavubukuli abaningi bavubukula kule ndawo, kodwa konke kwaba yize, njengoba kungatholakalanga lutho oluphawulekayo.

Impumelelo yafika ngawo-1980.Izinsalela zezigodlo ezinkulu kanye nezingxenye zezindonga zedolobha ezisempumalanga, entshonalanga naseningizimu zatholakala endaweni ngo-1984, okwalandelwa eminyakeni emibili kamuva ukutholakala kwemigodi emibili emikhulu yomhlatshelo.

Okutholakele kuqinisekisile ukuthi le ndawo yayinamanxiwa edolobha lasendulo elaliyisikhungo sezombangazwe, sezomnotho namasiko soMbuso WaseShu.Ezikhathini zasendulo, uSichuan wayaziwa ngokuthi uShu.

Ubufakazi obukholisayo

Le ndawo ibhekwa njengenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezitholwe ngemivubukulo eyenziwa eChina phakathi nekhulu lama-20.

UChen uthe ngaphambi kokuthi kwenziwe umsebenzi wokumba, bekucatshangwa ukuthi iSichuan inomlando weminyaka eyizi-3,000.Ngenxa yalo msebenzi, manje kunenkolelo yokuthi impucuko yafika eSichuan eminyakeni engu-5,000 edlule.

UDuan Yu, isazi-mlando seSichuan Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, uthe indawo yaseSanxingdui, esendaweni ephakeme yoMfula iYangtze, nayo iwubufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda bokuthi imvelaphi yempucuko yaseShayina ihlukene, njengoba iveza imibono yokuthi uMfula Ophuzi. kwakuwukuphela komsuka.

I-Sanxingdui Museum, etholakala eduze komfula i-Yazi onokuthula, idonsa izivakashi ezivela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba, ezibingelelwa ngokubona imaski emikhulu yethusi namakhanda ethusi.

Imaski emangalisa kakhulu futhi esabekayo, engamasentimitha angu-138 ububanzi no-66 cm ukuphakama, inamehlo angaphandle.

Amehlo atshekile futhi ande ngokwanele ukuze akwazi ukuthwala ama-eyeball amabili angama-cylindrical, aphuma ngo-16 cm ngendlela yehaba elidlulele.Izindlebe zombili zelulwe ngokugcwele futhi zinamacebiso amise okwefeni elicijile.

Kwenziwa imizamo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi isithombe ngesokhokho bamaShu, uCan Cong.

Ngokusho kwamarekhodi abhaliwe ezincwadini zesiShayina, uchungechunge lwezinkantolo ze-dynastic zavuka futhi zawa ngesikhathi soMbuso wamaShu, kuhlanganise nalawo asungulwa abaholi bezizwe abavela ezizweni zeCan Cong, Bo Guan kanye neKai Ming.

Umndeni wakwaCan Cong wawumdala kunawo wonke owasungula inkantolo eMbusweni wakwaShu.Ngokombiko othile wamaShayina, “Inkosi yawo yayinamehlo angaphandle futhi yayiyinkosi yokuqala eyamenyezelwa emlandweni wombuso.”

Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, ukubukeka okuxakile, njengalokho okuvezwe kusifihla-buso, bekungabonisa abantu baseShu ukuthi umuntu ophethe isikhundla esihle.

Inqwaba yezithombe zethusi eMnyuziyamu waseSanxingdui zifaka phakathi isithombe esihlaba umxhwele sendoda engafakile izicathulo egqoke amaqakala, izandla zayo ziboshwe.Lesi sibalo singama-cm angu-180 ukuphakama, kuyilapho sonke isithombe, okucatshangwa ukuthi simelela inkosi evela e-Shu Kingdom, sicishe sibe ngu-261 cm ubude, kuhlanganise nesisekelo.

Ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-3,100 ubudala, lesi sithombe sihlotshiswe nge-sun motif futhi sinezendlalelo ezintathu "zezingubo" zethusi ezinemikhono emifushane ezihlotshiswe ngephethini kadrako futhi zimbozwe ngeribhoni elihloliwe.

U-Huang Nengfu, uprofesa ongasekho wezobuciko nokuklama eNyuvesi yaseTsinghua e-Beijing, owayengumcwaningi ovelele wezingubo zaseShayina ezivela ezizukulwaneni ezihlukene zobukhosi, wayethatha le ngubo njengengubo kadrako endala kunazo zonke ekhona eChina.Ubuye wacabanga ukuthi iphethini ifaka imifekethiso edumile yakwa-Shu.

NgokukaWang Yuqing, isazi-mlando sezingubo zaseShayina esizinze eTaiwan, le ngubo yashintsha umbono wendabuko wokuthi ukufekethiswa kweShu kwaqala phakathi ne-Qing Dynasty (1644-1911).Kunalokho, libonisa ukuthi livela oBukhosini bakwaShang (c. 16th century-11th century BC).

Inkampani yezingubo e-Beijing ikhiqize ingubo kasilika ehambisana nalesi sithombe esihlotshisiwe sendoda engafakile izicathulo emaqakaleni.

Umcimbi wokuphawula ukuqedwa kwengubo, ekhonjiswa eChengdu Shu Brocade and Embroidery Museum, wawubanjelwe eGreat Hall of the People enhlokodolobha yaseChina ngo-2007.

Izinto zegolide ezibukiswe eMnyuziyamu waseSanxingdui, okuhlanganisa umoba, imaski nemihlobiso yamaqabunga egolide asesimweni sehlosi nenhlanzi, zaziwa ngekhwalithi yazo kanye nokwehlukahlukana.

Ubuciko obuhlakaniphile nobumangalisayo obudinga amasu okucubungula igolide njengokugxoba, ukubumba, ukushisela kanye nokushishiza, buye benza izinto, ezibonisa izinga eliphezulu lokuncibilikisa igolide nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula emlandweni wokuqala waseShayina.

Umnyombo wokhuni

Izinto zobuciko ezibukwayo emnyuziyamu zenziwe ngengxube yegolide nethusi, futhi igolide lithatha amaphesenti angama-85 wokwakheka kwazo.

Umoba, onobude obungamasentimitha angu-143, ububanzi obungamasentimitha angu-2,3 futhi unesisindo esingamagremu angu-463, unomgogodla wokhuni, osongwe iqabunga legolide elicindezelwe.Ukhuni lubolile, kusale izinsalela kuphela, kodwa iqabunga legolide lihlala linjalo.

Idizayini inamaphrofayili amabili, ngalinye linekhanda lomthakathi elinomqhele onamaphuzu amahlanu, lifake amacici angunxantathu nokumomotheka okubanzi kwezemidlalo.Kukhona futhi amaqembu afanayo amaphethini okuhlobisa, ngalinye linezinyoni ezimbili nezinhlanzi, i-back-to-back.Umcibisholo weqa izintamo zezinyoni namakhanda ezinhlanzi.

Iningi labacwaningi licabanga ukuthi induku yayiyinto ebalulekile ku-regalia yenkosi yaseShu yasendulo, efanekisela igunya layo lezombangazwe namandla aphakeme ngaphansi kokubusa kombuso ongokwasezulwini.

Phakathi kwamasiko asendulo eGibhithe, eBhabhiloni, eGrisi nasentshonalanga ye-Asia, induku yayivame ukubhekwa njengophawu lombuso ophakeme kakhulu.

Ezinye izazi zicabanga ukuthi umoba wegolide ovela endaweni yaseSanxingdui kungenzeka ukuthi wavela enyakatho-mpumalanga noma entshonalanga ye-Asia futhi waphumela ekuhwebeni kwamasiko phakathi kwempucuko emibili.

Yavunjululwa endaweni ngo-1986 ngemva kokuba ithimba leSifundazwe Semivubukulo saseSichuan lithathe isinyathelo sokumisa imboni yendawo yezitini emba indawo.

UChen, ongumvubukuli owayehola ithimba labavubukuli kule ndawo, uthe ngemuva kokutholakala kukamoba wacabanga ukuthi wakhiwe ngegolide, kodwa watshela ababebukele ukuthi kwakuyithusi, uma kwenzeka noma ubani ezama ukuphuma ngalo.

Ephendula isicelo sethimba, uhulumeni wesifunda saseGuanghan wathumela amasosha angu-36 ukuba ayogada indawo okwatholakala kuyo umoba.

Isimo esibi sezinto zobuciko ezibukiswe eMnyuziyamu waseSanxingdui, kanye nezimo zabo zokungcwaba, kukhombisa ukuthi zishiswe ngamabomu noma zacekelwa phansi.Umlilo omkhulu ubonakala udale ukuthi izinto zishe, ziqhume, zonakaliswe, zibe namabhamuza noma zincibilike ngokuphelele.

Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, kwakuwumkhuba ovamile ukuthungela iminikelo yomlilo e-China yasendulo.

Indawo lapho kwavubukulwa khona imigodi emibili emikhulu yomhlatshelo ngo-1986 ingamakhilomitha angu-2.8 nje entshonalanga yeSanxingdui Museum.U-Chen uthe imibukiso eminingi ebalulekile emnyuziyamu ivela emigodini emibili.

UNing Guoxia ufake isandla endabeni.

huangzhiling@chinadaily.com.cn