I-Southern Netherlands, eyahlala ingaphansi kombuso waseSpain, wamaRoma Katolika, yafeza indima ebalulekile ekusakazeni izithombe eziqoshiwe zeBaroque eNyakatho Yurophu. I-Contrareformation yamaRoma Katolika yayifuna ukuba abadwebi benze imidwebo nezithombe emasontweni ezizokhuluma nabantu abangafundile kunokuba bakhulume nabantu abanolwazi. I-Contrareformation yagcizelela amaphuzu athile emfundiso yenkolo, ngenxa yalokho ifenisha ethile yesonto, njengaleyo yokuvuma izono yazuza ukubaluleka okwengeziwe. Lezi zenzakalo zabangela ukwanda okukhulu kwesidingo sezithombe eziqoshiwe zenkolo eNingizimu Netherlands.[17] Indima ebalulekile yadlalwa umqophi waseBrussels uFrançois Duquesnoy owasebenza ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi wakhe eRoma. Isitayela sakhe se-Baroque esiyinkimbinkimbi esiseduze nese-Classicism yaseBernini sasakazwa eNingizimu yeNetherlands ngomfowabo uJerôme Duquesnoy (II) kanye nabanye abaculi baseFlemish ababefunda eshabhu yakhe eRoma njengoRombaut Pauwels futhi ngokunokwenzeka no-Artus Quellinus Omdala. 18][19]
Umqophi ovelele kwakungu-Artus Quellinus Omdala, ilungu lomndeni wabaqophi nabadwebi abadumile, kanye nomzala nompetha womunye umqophi owaziwayo waseFlemish, u-Artus Quellinus Omncane. Wazalelwa e-Antwerp, wachitha isikhathi eRoma lapho ajwayelana khona nezithombe eziqoshiwe ze-Baroque kanye nezomuntu wakubo uFrançois Duquesnoy. Lapho ebuyela e-Antwerp ngo-1640, weza nombono omusha wendima yomqophi wezithombe. Umqophi wayengasazoba umdwebi wokuhlobisa kodwa waba umdali wobuciko obuphelele lapho izingxenye zezakhiwo zathathelwa indawo yizithombe eziqoshiwe. Ifenisha yesonto yaba isenzakalo sokwakhiwa kwezingoma ezinkulu, ezihlanganiswe nengaphakathi lesonto.[4] Kusukela ngo-1650 kuqhubeke, uQuellinus wasebenza iminyaka engu-15 ehholo elisha ledolobha lase-Amsterdam kanye nomdwebi wezakhiwo ophambili uJacob van Campen. Manje esibizwa ngokuthi iRoyal Palace on the Dam, lo msebenzi wokwakha, futhi ikakhulukazi imihlobiso yemabula yena neshabhu lakhe lokusebenzela, waba isibonelo kwezinye izakhiwo e-Amsterdam. Iqembu labaqophi u-Artus aliqondisa ngesikhathi esebenza ehholo ledolobha lase-Amsterdam lalihlanganisa abaqophi abaningi, ikakhulukazi abavela eFlanders, ababezoba abaqophi abavelele bodwa njengomzala wakhe u-Artus Quellinus II, uRombout Verhulst, uBartholomeus Eggers noGabriël Grupello futhi mhlawumbe. futhi Grinling Gibbons. Kamuva babezosakaza isisho sakhe seBaroque e-Dutch Republic, eJalimane naseNgilandi. [20][21] Omunye umqophi obalulekile we-Flemish Baroque kwakunguLucas Fayderbe (1617-1697) owayevela eMechelen, isikhungo sesibili esibalulekile sezithombe eziqoshiwe zeBaroque eNingizimu Netherlands. Waqeqeshwa e-Antwerp ku-workshop kaRubens futhi wadlala indima enkulu ekusakazeni izithombe eziqoshiwe ze-High Baroque eNingizimu Netherlands.[22]
Ngenkathi i-Southern Netherlands ibone njengokwehla okukhulu kwezinga lokuphuma kanye nedumela lesikole sayo sokudweba engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-17, izithombe eziqoshiwe zathatha indawo yokudweba ngokubaluleka, ngaphansi komfutho wesidingo sasekhaya nesamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokukhulu, okuphezulu- ukukhishwa kwekhwalithi yenqwaba yezingxoxo zomndeni e-Antwerp. Ikakhulukazi, izinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi zikaQuellinus, Jan noRobrecht Colyn de Nole, Jan noCornelis van Mildert, Hubrecht kanye noNorbert van den Eynde, Peter I, Peter II kanye noHendrik Frans Verbrugghen, Willem kanye noWillem Ignatius Kerricx, Pieter Scheemaeckers kanye noLodewijk Willemsen. izinhlobonhlobo zezithombe eziqoshiwe ezihlanganisa ifenisha yesonto, izikhumbuzo zomngcwabo nemifanekiso emincane eqoshiwe eqoshwe ngophondo lwendlovu kanye nezinkuni eziqinile ezifana ne-boxwood.[17] Ngenkathi u-Artus Quellinus Omdala emele iBaroque ephakeme, isigaba esijabulisayo seBaroque esibizwa ngokuthi iBaroque yakamuva saqala kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1660s. Phakathi nalesi sigaba imisebenzi yaba yeshashalazi eyengeziwe, yabonakala ngokuboniswa kwezenkolo nemihlobiso ewubukhazikhazi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-16-2022