ISINGENISO

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka imithombo ikhona, futhi iye yavela emithonjeni elula yamanzi okuphuza yaya emisebenzini yobuciko nemisebenzi yobuciko yezakhiwo.Kusukela kumaGreki namaRoma asendulo kuya kubaphathi beRenaissance,Imithombo yamatsheasetshenziselwe ukuhlobisa izindawo zomphakathi, ukugubha imicimbi ebalulekile, ngisho nokuhlinzeka ngokuzijabulisa.

Imvelaphi Yasendulo Yemithombo

Uhambo lwethu lomthombo luqala phakathi nenkungu yasendulo.Bopha amabhande akho ezihlalo ezihamba isikhathi njengoba sibuyela emuva empucukweni yasendulo efana ne-Mesopotamiya, i-Egypt, kanye ne-Indus Valley.Laba bantu abahlakaniphile babazi into noma ezimbili mayelana nokuhlanganisa ubuciko nokusebenza.

EMesophothamiya, cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu edlule, okhokho bethu bakha imithombo yakudala eyaziwayo.Imithombo yokuqala eyaziwayo kwakuyizitsha zamatshe ezilula ezaziqoqa amanzi emithonjeni yemvelo.Le mithombo yayivame ukusetshenziselwa amanzi okuphuza, futhi yayibhekwa njengezindawo ezingcwele.Ngokwesibonelo, eGrisi lasendulo imithombo yayivame ukunikelwa konkulunkulu bamanzi, njengoPoseidon no-Arthemisi.

UMTHOMBO WASEGIBHITHE EMTHEMPENI LE-DENDERA

UMTHOMBO: WIKIPEDIA

Manje, ake seqe siye eGibhithe lasendulo, lapho imithombo yayidlala indima ebalulekile ezindlini zamathempeli ezinkulu.AbaseGibhithe babekhulekela onkulunkulu babo ngenhlonipho, futhi babekholelwa ukuthi ukunikeza amanzi avela kule mithombo kwakuyoqinisekisa izibusiso eziningi ezivela konkulunkulu.

Futhi ekhuluma ngonkulunkulu, amaGreki asendulo athatha yaboimithombo yasengadiniezingeni elilandelayo, lizinikezela kuma-nymphs-iqembu elijabulisayo lemimoya yemvelo.Lawa ma-nymphaeum, akhiwe ezingadini ezivundile, aba yizindawo zemibuthano yokuzijabulisa nokubonisa ubuciko.Futhi, bangeze ukuthinta okumnandi emadolobheni asendulo aseGreece!

Imithombo Yakudala eGrisi naseRoma

Ah, ubuhle beGrisi neRoma!Njengoba siqhubeka nohambo lwethu lomthombo, sihlangabezana nemithombo ebabazekayo yalezi zimpucuko zasendulo.

EGreece yasendulo, imithombo yayingezona nje izici zamanzi ezivamile—yayiyizimangaliso zezakhiwo!AmaGreki ayekholelwa ukuthi imithombo yemvelo ingcwele, ngakho aklama izinto eziyinkimbinkimbiimithombo yamatsheukuhlonipha le mithombo engaqondakali.Zibone ngeso lengqondo uqhabula esitsheni somthombo wamatshe kuyilapho ucabanga ngezimfihlakalo zokuphila.Okujulile, akunjalo?

Manje, ake siguqule ukugxila kwethu kuMbuso WaseRoma, lapho amandla onjiniyela amaRoma ayengenamingcele.Bakha imisele yamanzi eyaba amakhilomitha amaningi, iletha amanzi kuzo zonke izinkalo zesizinda sabo esikhulu.Kodwa linda, kukhona okwengeziwe!AmaRoma ayethanda ukukhombisa amandla awo, futhi iyiphi indlela engcono yokukwenza ngaphandle kwemithombo yomphakathi ewisa imihlathi?

UKWAKHIWA KABUSHA KOMTHETHO WE-ROMAN COURTYARD FOUNTAIN E-POMPEII (1ST CENTURY AD)

UMTHOMBO: WIKIPEDIA

I-pièce deresistance?Umthombo omuhle kakhulu weTrevi eRoma.Lobu buhle be-baroque buzokushiya ungawuvali umlomo ngobuhle bawo kanye nobuciko beshashalazi.Inganekwane ithi uma uphonsa uhlamvu lwemali emthonjeni, uqinisekisiwe ukuthi uzobuyela eRoma ngolunye usuku.Leyo yindlela eyodwa yokuvikela ithikithi lokubuyela kuleli dolobha elingaphelelwa isikhathi!

Phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi, imithombo yayingasasetshenziswa ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba.Lokhu kwakubangelwa ngokwengxenye ukuwohloka koMbuso WaseRoma, owawusuwakhe imithombo eminingi yakudala nenemininingwane eminingi kakhulu emhlabeni.Nokho, imithombo yasinda kwezinye izindawo, njengasezweni lamaSulumane, lapho yayisetshenziselwa khona ukwakha izingadi ezinhle nezinokuthula.

Imithombo Yenkathi Ephakathi NamaSulumane

Kulungile, isikhathi sokudlulela phambili enkathini ephakathi, lapho ama-knights nezintombi ezilungile zazizulazula emazweni, nemithombo ithatha izindima ezintsha.

EYurophu yasendulo, izindlu zezindela nezigodlo zamukela ukuzola kwemithombo yamatshe.Cabanga ngalokhu: ingadi ye-cloister enokuthula ehlotshiswe nge-nenhle itshe umthombo, lapho izindela zazingathola khona ukuphumula emisebenzini yazo engokomoya.Khuluma nge-oasis enokuthula!

I-LAVABO AT LE THORONET ABBEY, Provence, (12th Century)

UMTHOMBO: WIKIPEDIA

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, emazweni angavamile aseMpumalanga Ephakathi, imithombo yamaSulumane yayihlobise izigodlo namagceke, icwebezela ngobuchule nobuhle.Ukuhlangana okumangalisayo kwamanzi nokukhanya kwakukholelwa ukuthi kufanekisela ubumsulwa nempilo.Ngakho-ke, ngokuzayo uma umangazwa umthombo omangalisayo wamaSulumane, khumbula ukuthi akukhona nje okobuhle—kuwuphawu lwengokomoya elijulile.

I-Renaissance kanye ne-Baroque Fountains: Ukuvuselelwa Kobuciko Bamanzi

I-Renaissance kwakuyisikhathi sokuzalwa kabusha kwamasiko nezobuciko eYurophu.Lesi sikhathi saphinde sabona ukuvuselelwa kwemithombo, okwaba imisebenzi yobuciko ngokwazo.

UMTHETHO E-BAKU, AZERBAIJAN

UMTHOMBO: WIKIPEDIA

E-Italy, inhliziyo yeRenaissance, abanye ngempelaimithombo yamatshe eyingqayizivelezadalwa.Le mithombo yayivame ukuhlotshiswa ngemifanekiso eqoshiwe eyinkimbinkimbi namanzi ampophoma avela ezitsheni zawo zamatshe.

Omunye wemithombo edume kakhulu yeRenaissance yiFontana di Trevi eRoma.Lo mthombo uwumsebenzi wobuciko wezakhiwo ze-Baroque kanye nokubaza.Ihlotshiswe ngezithombe zonkulunkulu, onkulunkulukazi nezilwane zasolwandle.

Omunye umthombo odumile weRenaissance yiManneken Pis eBrussels.Lo mthombo uyisifanekiso esincane sethusi somfana onqunu ochamela emgodini womthombo.Ingenye yezindawo ezithandwa kakhulu izivakashi eBrussels.

ISITHOMBE ISIKHIDI: STEVEN TIJPEL

Isikhathi seBaroque sabona ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo komthombo weRenaissance.Imithombo ye-Baroque yayivame ukuba mikhudlwana futhi inemininingwane eminingi kunemithombo yeRenaissance.Ayephinde abe yinkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, enemithombo ephuma amanzi ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.

Omunye wemithombo yeBaroque edume kakhulu uMthombo weNeptune eBologna.Lo mthombo unguumthombo omkhulu wemabulaebonisa unkulunkulu uNeptune egibele inqola edonswa amahhashi olwandle.

Omunye umthombo odumile weBaroque uMthombo Wemifula Emine eRoma.Lo mthombo uwumthombo omkhulu wemabula obonisa imifula emine: iDanube, iNayile, iGanges, neRio de la Plata.

Namuhla, usengathola imithombo eminingi ye-Renaissance ne-Baroque emhlabeni jikelele.Le mithombo iwubufakazi bamakhono obuciko nobunjiniyela babantu abawadalile.Ziphinde ziyisikhumbuzo sokubaluleka kwamanzi esikweni lesintu.

Imithombo E-Asia: Lapho Ukuthula Kuhlangana Nobukhazikhazi

I-Asia inomlando omude futhi ocebile wemithombo.Le mithombo itholakala ngezindlela ezehlukene, kusukela kokulula kuya kokuningiliziwe.

ENdiya, imithombo ivame ukutholakala ezingadini zasebukhosini nasezigodlweni ezinkulu.Leziimithombo yasengadiningokuvamile zenziwe ngemabula futhi zihlotshiswe ngemidwebo yamatshe eyinkimbinkimbi.Zenzelwe ukudala umuzwa wokuzwana nokuthula.

E-China, imithombo ivame ukutholakala ezingadini zakudala.Le mithombo ivame ukwakhiwa ngamatshe futhi iklanyelwe ukuhlangana ngaphandle komthungo nemvelo.Zenzelwe ukudala umuzwa wokulinganisela kanye ne-Zen.

EJapane, imithombo ngokuvamile yenziwa ngoqalo.Le mithombo yaziwa ngokuthi “shishi-odoshi” noma “izibazi zezinyamazane.”Zenzelwe ukudala umsindo onesigqi othusa izinyamazane.

Namuhla, ungathola imithombo ngezitayela ezihlukahlukene ezivela kulo lonke elase-Asia.Le mithombo iyisikhumbuzo sokubaluleka kwamanzi esikweni lase-Asiae.

U-SHISHI ODOSHI ESINGADINI YE-ZEN

Imithombo Enkathini Yanamuhla: Amanzi, Ubuciko, Nokusungula

Inkathi yesimanje ibone igagasi elisha lokuqamba kabusha ekwakhiweni komthombo.Le mithombo ivame ukwakhiwa ngezinto ezintsha futhi ihlanganisa nobuchwepheshe obusha.

Enye yezinto ezintsha kakhuluimithombo yesimanjeI-Bellagio Fountains e-Las Vegas.Le mithombo ingumbukiso wamanzi ovumelanisiwe ohlanganisa umculo, izibani, namajethi amanzi.

Enye innovativeumthombo wesimanjeiyiSango Lefu eChicago.Lo mthombo uwumfanekiso omkhulu, wensimbi engagqwali ofana nobhontshisi omkhulu.Iyindawo ethandwa izivakashi futhi iwuphawu lwaseChicago.

Namuhla, imithombo isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ezindaweni zomphakathi kuya ezindlini ezizimele.Ziyisikhumbuzo sobuhle nokubaluleka kwamanzi.

Imithombo Yamanzi: Amagugu Amanzi Omhlaba

Njengoba sisondela ku-crescendo yohambo lwethu lomthombo, asikwazi ukuphuthelwa ukuhlola ezinye zemithombo evelele kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.Lamatshe ayigugu amanzi ashiye umbono ohlala njalo esintwini, edlula isikhathi nendawo.

Zibone usengadini yase-Versailles emangalisayo e-France, umi phambi koMthombo weNeptune obabazekayo.Ihlotshiswe ngezilwane zasolwandle zasenganekwaneni namanzi agelezayo, lo mzukuluumthombo wangaphandlesiyisibonelo sokunotha kobukhosi baseFrance.Umbono omangalisayo ozokwenza uzizwe sengathi ungene enganekwaneni.

UMTHOMBO WENKANTOLO YEZINGONYAMA E-ALHAMBRA (IKHULU LE-14)

UMTHOMBO: WIKIPEDIA

Manje, ake siye e-Alhambra ebabazekayo eSpain, lapho iNkantolo Yamabhubesi ibonisa khona okungavamile.itshe umthombo umcengezi.Ngemiklamo yawo eyinkimbinkimbi yejiyomethri yamaSulumane, lo mthombo osegcekeni uveza ukuvumelana phakathi kwemvelo nobuciko, ushiya izivakashi zikhexiwe ubuhle bawo obungapheli.

Njengoba sidabula ulwandle siya e-United States, sihlangana ne-Bethesda Terrace Fountain ekhangayo eCentral Park, eNew York City.Lo msebenzi wobuciko onezitezi ezimbili, oklanywe ngezithombe ezibaziwe futhi uzungezwe uhlaza oluluhlaza lwaleli paki, ukhonza njengendawo ethandwayo yokuhlangana nophawu lomphakathi.

Le mithombo yezithombe isebenza njengobufakazi bobuhlakani bomuntu, ukubonakaliswa kobuciko, kanye nokuhlonipha ubuhle bamanzi.Ukuheha kwabo kuyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza abaculi, abadwebi bezakhiwo, kanye nabathandi bomthombo emhlabeni jikelele.

Iqhaza Lemithombo Namuhla: Ukwamukela Ubuhle Nokusimama

Ekhulwini lama-21, imithombo ithathe izindima ezintsha, ezihlanganisa kokubili ubuhle nokusimama.Akuzona nje izakhi zokuhlobisa;ziyizitatimende zobuciko, ukuqaphela imvelo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwedolobha.

Ezindaweni eziphithizelayo zedolobha, zanamuhlaimithombo yangaphandleseziphenduke izindawo okugxilwe kuzo, zidonsela abantu ndawonye ukuze bababaze ubuhle babo futhi bazitike ezikhathini zokuthula phakathi kwesiphithiphithi sasemadolobheni.Lawa ma-oases asemadolobheni afaka imithombo yamatshe eyingqayizivele, ehlotshiswe ngezinto zesimanje njengensimbi engagqwali noma ingilazi ecwebezelayo, ukuhlanganisa isiko nokusha.

U-FONTANA DELLA BARCACCIA, (1627)

Khonamanjalo, imithombo engaphakathi endlini isingene ezindlini, emahhovisi, nasezikhungweni zempilo.Anumthombo wasendliniingakha isimo esipholile, ikusize ukhululeke ngemva kosuku olude futhi ikunikeze ukuphumula ezinkingeni zokuphila.Ngemiklamo ehlukahlukene kanye nezinto zokwakha, kusukela emithonjeni yemabula kuya emithonjeni yamatshe e-chic, ungathola umthombo ophelele wasendlini ukuze ugcwalise isikhala sakho nesitayela.

Njengoba silwela ukuthola iplanethi eluhlaza, abaklami bemithombo bahlanganise ubuchwepheshe obuvumelana nemvelo.Ukuvunwa kwamanzi emvula, amaphampu asebenzisa amandla elanga, nezinhlelo ezisebenzayo zokujikeleza amanzi kabusha sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yemithombo yesimanje.Lezi zinqubo ezisimeme azigcini nje ngokuwonga amanzi kodwa futhi zibonisa ukuzibophezela kwethu ekuvikeleni imvelo ukuze izizukulwane ezizayo

ISIPHETHO

Njengoba sivalelisa ekuhloleni kwethu umthombo, kufanele sazise umdlali ovelele embonini yomthombo—Aingcweti.Ngokuthanda kwabo ukuvezwa kwezobuciko kanye nobuciko bengcweti, i-Artisan igqama njengomkhiqizi ohlonishwayo womthombo okwazi ukudala imithombo emihle yamatshe,imithombo yemabula, nezitsha zemithombo zamatshe.

Njengoba udabula emakhasini omlando futhi uncoma ubuhle bemithombo evelele, uzojabula ukwazi ukuthiIngcwetiigxile ekwenzeni izifaniso ezithembekile zala magugu omlando.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umthombo wamatshe ophefumulelwe I-Renaissance noma umthombo wemabula we-Baroque omuhle, izingcweti ze-Artisan ezinekhono zingaphinda zidale noma yimiphi yale mithombo ngokucela, zengeze ukuthinta kobuhle obungapheli kunoma iyiphi indawo.

(The Lion Statues Stone Fountain)

Ngakho, uma uzingela aumthombo ingadi ukudayiswanoma umthombo wasendlini ukuze udale i-oasis enokuthula, ungabheki kudeAingcweti .Ngokuzinikezela kwabo kukho kokubili ubuhle nokusimama, imithombo yabo iyisibonelo sokuhlanganisa ubuciko nokusungula izinto ezintsha, okuletha umlingo wamanzi agobhozayo empilweni yakho.

Emhlabeni ongayeki ukuvela, imithombo ihlala iwuphawu oluqinile lomusa nokudala.Ngakho-ke, yamukela umlingo walezi zimangaliso zamanzi futhi uzivumele zicebise indawo ekuzungezile, umoya wakho, nomphefumulo wakho.Ukuzingela okujabulisayo komthombo, futhi kwangathi ubukhazikhazi bamanzi bungaqhubeka nokudonsa izinhliziyo ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane!