Ngaphezulu kuka-2,000 yezindlebeni ezedlule, iShayina ne-Italy, nakuba izinkulungwane zamamayela ziqhelelene, zase zixhumene noSilk Road wasendulo, umzila wokuhweba oyingqopha-mlando owawusiza ukuhwebelana kwezimpahla, imibono, namasiko phakathi.zu EMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga.

Ngesikhathi soBukhosi BaseMpumalanga Han (25-220), uGan Ying, usomlomo waseShayina, waqala uhambo lokuthola "uDa Qin", igama lesiShayina loMbuso WaseRoma ngaleso sikhathi. Ukubhekisela kuSeres, izwe likasilika, kwenziwa imbongi yaseRoma uPublius Vergilius Maro kanye nesazi sokuma komhlaba uPomponius Mela. I-Travels of Marco Polo iqhubekisela phambili intshisekelo yabaseYurophu eChina.

Ngokwesimo samanje, lesi sixhumanisi esingokomlando savuselelwa ukwakhiwa ngokuhlanganyela kwe-Belt and Road Initiative okwavunyelwana ngayo phakathi kwala mazwe womabili ngo-2019.

I-China ne-Italy babe nobudlelwano obuqinile bezohwebo eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Ngokwemininingwane evela ku-General Administration of Customs yaseChina, ivolumu yohwebo yamazwe amabili yafinyelela ku- $ 78 billion ngo-2022.

Lolu hlelo, olugubha iminyaka eyi-10 selokhu lwaqalwa, seluzuze intuthuko enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda, ekusizeni uhwebo, ukusebenzisana kwezezimali kanye nokuxhumana kwabantu phakathi kwala mazwe womabili.

Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi i-China ne-Italy, ngomlando wabo ocebile kanye nempucuko yasendulo, banethuba lokubambisana okunenjongo okusekelwe kumagugu awo amasiko, amathuba ezomnotho, nezithakazelo ezifanayo.

UDaniel Cologna, isazi seSinologist esigxile ekushintsheni kwezenhlalo namasiko phakathi kwamaShayina eNyuvesi yase-Italy yase-Insubria futhi oyilungu lebhodi le-Italian Association of Chinese Studies, uthe: "I-Italy ne-China, ngenxa yamagugu abo acebile kanye nomlando omude, zimi kahle. ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwano obuqinile ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweBelt and Road Initiative. "

UCologna uthe ifa lamaNtaliyane ukuba phakathi kwabokuqala ukwenza iChina yaziwe kwabanye abantu baseYurophu kudala ukuqonda okuyingqayizivele phakathi kwala mazwe womabili.

Mayelana nokubambisana kwezomnotho, i-Cologna igqamise indima ebalulekile yezimpahla zikanokusho ekuhwebeni phakathi kweChina ne-Italy. "Imikhiqizo yase-Italy, ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo yokunethezeka, iyathandwa futhi iyabonakala eChina," esho. "Abakhiqizi base-Italy babona iChina njengendawo ebalulekile yokukhiqiza ngenxa yabasebenzi abanamakhono nabavuthiwe."

U-Alessandro Zadro, inhloko yomnyango wezocwaningo e-Italy China Council Foundation, uthe: “Izwe laseChina linikeza imakethe ethembisayo enesidingo esikhulayo sasekhaya esibangelwa ukwanda kweholo lomuntu ngamunye, ukukhula kwamadolobha okuqhubekayo, ukwanda kwezifunda ezibalulekile ezimaphakathi nezwe, kanye nengxenye ekhulayo yomnotho. abathengi abacebile abakhetha imikhiqizo ye-Made in Italy.

"I-Italy kufanele ibambe amathuba e-China, hhayi nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe emikhakheni yendabuko efana nemfashini nokunethezeka, ukuklama, ibhizinisi lezolimo kanye nezimoto, kodwa futhi ngokwandisa isabelo sayo semakethe esiqinile emikhakheni esafufusa kanye nemisha kakhulu efana namandla avuselelekayo, izimoto ezintsha zamandla. , intuthuko kwezokwelapha, kanye nokulondolozwa kwefa elikhulu lezwe laseChina lomlando namasiko,” enezela.

Ukusebenzisana phakathi kweChina ne-Italy kuyabonakala nasezindaweni zemfundo nocwaningo. Ukuqinisa ubuhlobo kanjalo kukholakala ukuthi kuzuzisa zombili izizwe, uma kucatshangelwa izikhungo zazo zemfundo ephakeme kanye nesiko lokuphumelela kwezemfundo.

Njengamanje, i-Italy ineZikhungo zeConfucius eziyi-12 ezikhuthaza ukushintshana ngolimi namasiko ezweni. Imizamo yenziwe kule minyaka eyishumi edlule yokukhuthaza ukufundiswa kolimi lwesiShayina ohlelweni lwezikole zamabanga aphezulu zase-Italy.

UFederico Masini, umqondisi weConfucius Institute eSapienza University of Rome, wathi: “Namuhla, abafundi abangaphezu kuka-17 000 kulo lonke elase-Italy bafunda isiShayina njengengxenye yezifundo zabo, okuyinani eliphawulekayo. Othisha baseShayina abangaphezu kwe-100, abakhuluma isiNtaliyane bomdabu, baqashwe ohlelweni lwezemfundo lwesiNtaliyane ukuze bafundise isiShayina unomphela. Le mpumelelo ibambe iqhaza elikhulu ekuvaleni ubudlelwano phakathi kweChina ne-Italy.”

Nakuba i-Confucius Institute ibhekwa njengethuluzi lamandla athambile e-China e-Italy, uMasini uthe ingabuye ibonakale njengobudlelwane obufanayo lapho isebenze njengethuluzi lamandla athambile e-Italy eChina. “Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi sisingethe inqwaba yezazi zaseShayina, abafundi kanye nabantu ngabanye abanethuba lokuzwa impilo yase-Italy nokufunda kuyo. Akukhona ngokuthumela uhlelo lwezwe kwelinye kwelinye; kunalokho, lisebenza njengenkundla ekhuthaza ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu abasha futhi likhuthaze ukuqondana,” wengeza.

Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwezinhloso zokuqala ze-China ne-Italy zokuqhubekisela phambili izivumelwano ze-BRI, izici ezihlukahlukene ziholele ekwehleni kokubambisana kwazo eminyakeni yamuva. Izinguquko ezivamile kuhulumeni wase-Italy ziguqule ukugxila ekuthuthukisweni kwalolu hlelo.

Ukwengeza, ukuqubuka kobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezepolitiki yamazwe omhlaba kuye kwaphazamisa ijubane lokusebenzisana kwamazwe amabili. Ngenxa yalokho, inqubekelaphambili yokubambisana ku-BRI iye yathinteka, ithola ukwehla phakathi nalesi sikhathi.

UGiulio Pugliese, isikhulu esiphezulu (e-Asia-Pacific) e-Istituto Affari Internazionali, isikhungo sezobudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe sase-Italy, uthe phakathi nokukhula kwepolitiki kanye nokugcinwa kwezokuphepha kwenhloko-dolobha yakwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi evela eChina, kanye nemizwa yokuvikela emhlabeni wonke, isimo sase-Italy mayelana nokukhula kwepolitiki. I-China kungenzeka iqaphe kakhulu.

"Ukukhathazeka mayelana nemiphumela engase ibe khona ye unswinyo lwesibili lwase-US ekutshalweni kwezimali kanye nobuchwepheshe baseShayina kube nomthelela omkhulu e-Italy kanye nengxenye enkulu yaseNtshonalanga Yurophu, ngaleyo ndlela kwehlisa umthelela we-MoU," kuchaza uPugliese.

UMaria Azzolina, umongameli we-Italy-China Institute, ugcizelele ukubaluleka kokugcina ukuxhumana okunesikhathi eside kukhona naphezu kwezinguquko zezombangazwe, wathi: “Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-Italy neChina abunakushintshwa kalula ngenxa yohulumeni omusha.

Intshisekelo yebhizinisi enamandla

"Intshisekelo eqinile yezamabhizinisi phakathi kwalawa mazwe womabili iyaqhubeka, futhi izinkampani zase-Italy zizimisele ngokwenza ibhizinisi ngaphandle kokuthi uhulumeni ophethe," kusho yena. U-Azzolina ukholelwa ukuthi i-Italy izosebenzela ukuthola ibhalansi nokugcina ubuhlobo obuqinile neChina, njengoba ukuxhumana kwamasiko bekulokhu kubalulekile.

U-Fan Xianwei, unobhala-jikelele we-China Chamber of Commerce yase-Italy ezinze eMilan, uvuma zonke izici zangaphandle ezithonya ukubambisana phakathi kwala mazwe womabili.

Nokho, uthe: “Kusenesifiso esinamandla phakathi kwamabhizinisi nezinkampani kuwo womabili la mazwe ukukhulisa ukusebenzisana. Uma nje umnotho usashuba, ipolitiki nayo izothuthuka.”

Enye yezinselelo ezibalulekile ekubambisaneni kwe-China ne-Italy ukwanda kokucutshungulwa kokutshalwa kwezimali kwamaShayina ngamazwe aseNtshonalanga, okwenza kube nzima ngezinkampani zaseShayina ukutshala imali emikhakheni ethile ebucayi kakhulu.

UFilippo Fasulo, inhloko ehlangene ye-Geoeconomics Center e-Italian Institute for International Political Studies, ithangi lokucabanga, uphakamise ukuthi ukubambisana phakathi kweChina ne-Italy kufanele kuxhunywe “ngendlela ehlakaniphile nenamasu “esikhathini samanje esibucayi. Enye indlela engase ibe wukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukubusa kwe-Italy kuhlala kulawulwa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinjengamachweba, wengeza.

UFasulo ukholelwa ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-greenfield emikhakheni ethile, njengokusungula izinkampani zamabhethri e-Italy, kungasiza ekudambiseni ukukhathazeka nokwakha ukwethembana phakathi kweChina ne-Italy.

“Ukutshalwa kwezimali okunesu okunjalo okunomthelela oqinile wendawo kuhambisana nemigomo yokuqala ye-Belt and Road Initiative, egcizelela ukubambisana okuzuzisayo kanye nokukhombisa umphakathi wendawo ukuthi lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kuletha amathuba,” esho.

wangmingjie@mail.chinadailyuk.com